the company in February 1985. He openly criticized the management in Cupertino: this was a PR disaster for the firm.

In April 1985, the board discussed re-organization plans for the company. Everyone agreed there should be a new manager for the Mac team, namely Apple France executive Jean-Louis Gassée. Jobs even accepted the idea for a while, thinking of running a new R&D department instead. But he was outraged when Gassée asked for a written guarantee of his promotion.

## Experimentations

During those four months, from May to September 1985, Steve was still chairman of the board — he was not

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